Chinese mourners use AI to digitally resurrect the dead

A rising number of Chinese citizens, crippled by grief, are using AI technology to build lifelike avatars of their deceased loved ones.

Some Chinese firms claim to have created thousands of “digital people” from as little as 30 seconds of audio-visual material of the deceased. Experts say they can offer much-needed comfort for people devastated by the loss of loved ones.

But they also evoke an unsettling theme from the British sci-fi series “Black Mirror” in which people rely on advanced AI for bereavement support.

Sense of connection

Seakoo Wu, a grieving father, finds himself standing in a tranquil cemetery in the eastern part of China. He reaches for his phone and carefully places it on the top of a gravestone. With a heavy heart, he presses play, and the sound of a recorded message fills the air.

“I know you’re in great pain every day because of me, and feel guilty and helpless,” intones Xuanmo in a slightly robotic voice.

“Even though I can’t be by your side ever again, my soul is still in this world, accompanying you through life.”

The message, a recording of his son, are words that the late student never spoke, but brought into being with artificial intelligence.

As he stands there surrounded by the peaceful stillness of the cemetery, Seakoo Wu finds solace in the fact that he can still connect with his dear departed in some way. Ultimately, Wu wants to build a fully realistic replica that behaves just like his dead son but dwells in virtual reality.

“Once we synchronise reality and the metaverse, I’ll have my son with me again,” Wu said.

Needs are growing

Wu and his wife were devastated when Xuanmo, their only child, died last year at the age of 22 while attending Exeter University in Britain.

The accounting and finance student, keen sportsman and posthumous organ donor “had such a rich and varied life,” said Wu.

“He always carried in him this desire to help people and a sense of right and wrong,” he told AFP.

Following a boom in deep learning technologies like ChatGPT in China, Wu began researching ways to resurrect him.

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He gathered photos, videos and audio recordings of his son, and spent thousands of dollars hiring AI firms that cloned Xuanmo’s face and voice.

The results so far are rudimentary, but he has also set up a work team to create a database containing vast amounts of information on his son.

Wu hopes to feed it into powerful algorithms to create an avatar capable of copying his son’s thinking and speech patterns with extreme precision.

Several companies specialising in so-called “ghost bots” have emerged in the United States in recent years.

But the industry is booming in China, according to Zhang Zewei, the founder of the AI firm Super Brain and a former collaborator with Wu.

“On AI technology, China is in the highest class worldwide,” said Zhang from a workspace in the eastern city of Jingjiang.

“And there are so many people in China, many with emotional needs, which gives us an advantage when it comes to market demand.”

Super Brain charges between 10,000 and 20,000 yuan ($1,400-$2,800) to create a basic avatar within about 20 days, said Zhang.

They range from those who have died to living parents unable to spend time with their children and, controversially, a heartbroken woman’s ex-boyfriend.

Clients can even hold video calls with a staff member whose face and voice are digitally overlaid with those of the person they have lost.

“The significance for… the whole world is huge,” Zhang said.

“A digital version of someone (can) exist forever, even after their body has been lost.”

‘New humanism

Sima Huapeng, who founded Nanjing-based Silicon Intelligence, said the technology would “bring about a new kind of humanism.”

He likened it to portraiture and photography, which helped people commemorate the dead in revolutionary ways.

Tal Morse, a visiting research fellow at the Centre for Death and Society at Britain’s University of Bath, said ghost bots may offer comfort.

But he cautioned that more research was needed to understand their psychological and ethical implications.

“A key question here is… how ‘loyal’ are the ghost bots to the personality they were designed to mimic,” Morse told AFP.