The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has reported a surge in cholera cases across the country, with 1,141 suspected and 65 confirmed cases, resulting in 30 deaths from January 1st to June 11th, 2024.
The increase in cases is largely attributed to the intensifying rainy season, which has exacerbated the spread of the disease.
The Director General of NCDC Dr. Jide Idris, announced in a statement that “Cholera remains a significant public health challenge, particularly during the rainy season when water sources are more susceptible to contamination.”
He emphasized the need for urgent and concerted efforts to curb the outbreak.
The report highlights that the outbreak spans 96 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in 30 states.
Ten states, namely Bayelsa, Zamfara, Abia, Cross River, Bauchi, Delta, Katsina, Imo, Nasarawa, and Lagos, have contributed to 90% of the total cholera burden. This widespread distribution underscores the necessity for nationwide interventions.
“In response, the NCDC has activated a multi-sectoral National Cholera Technical Working Group. This team, which includes the Federal Ministries of Environment and Water Resources, the National Primary Health Care Development Agency, the World Health Organization, UNICEF, and other partners, is actively providing support to affected states”. He noted.
“The collaborative efforts involve risk communication, case management, and the provision of essential response commodities”.
Cholera, a food and water-borne disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, typically spreads through contaminated water and food. Dr. Idris explained, “Inadequate sanitation and unsafe drinking water are the primary culprits. Simple practices such as proper waste disposal and boiling water before consumption can significantly reduce transmission”. He added.
The symptoms of cholera include acute, profuse watery diarrhea, often referred to as ‘rice water stools,’ which can lead to severe dehydration and death if not promptly treated. “Early detection and treatment with oral rehydration solutions and antibiotics are critical”. Dr. Idris stated.
He urged healthcare workers to maintain heightened surveillance and report suspected cases promptly.
Communities with limited access to clean water and sanitation facilities are at the highest risk. The NCDC warned that the disease has a higher transmission risk in areas lacking adequate sanitation facilities and a regular supply of clean water.
Dr. Idris added, “Unsafe practices such as open defecation and indiscriminate refuse dumping exacerbate the spread of cholera.”
To mitigate the outbreak, the NCDC has been disseminating cholera awareness jingles in English and local languages, emphasizing the importance of personal hygiene and safe water practices. “Public education is vital,” said Dr. Idris,
“We need to ensure that people understand how to protect themselves and their communities from this preventable disease.”
“The agency also highlighted the role of environmental sanitation in cholera prevention. Dr. Idris stressed, “Communities must prioritize proper waste disposal and avoid practices that compromise water safety. Regular clearing of sewage and protecting food and water from contamination are essential steps”.
State governments have been urged to prioritize solutions that ensure access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene. “We call for urgent improvement in access to clean water and sanitation facilities, emphasizing that such improvements are crucial to preventing future outbreaks.
“As Nigeria battles this cholera outbreak, the NCDC continues to collaborate with international and local partners to lead the health-sector response, “Our collective efforts are crucial in controlling this outbreak and preventing further loss of lives. We must all play our part in ensuring a healthier future for our communities”. He added.
